The Invisible Gorila Essay Example for Free

The Invisible Gorila EssayA genius show is an event that participants commit their specific natural endowments in order to win the first prize. Singing talent shows ar quite popular lately because they dont require participants to be in certain ages or professions. Talent shows atomic number 18 very entertaining so that masses start to pay attention to them. In fact, in talent shows, non only contestants, but also judges and audiences, always project illusions. They misperceive something might not exist. In book The Invisible Gorilla, Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons investigate half-dozen illusions that happen everyday in peoples lives. They use a lot of examples and scientific experiments to explain how different illusions affect people and reveal that gay beings thoughts are suffered from illusions. Among those six illusions in the book, illusion of confident, illusion of sockledge and illusion of cause pass the biggest effect in talent shows. Contestants fet ch the illusion of assertion because they stir unjustified confidence in their own abilities and they are not aware of their lack of skills. Some contestants dont pay skills but they act very confidently.Chabris and Simons state in Chapter 3, In fact, those who are the least skilled are the most likely to value better of themselves than they should (86). least(prenominal) skilled contestants probably have never done anything relevant to music. They attend talent shows because they like singing or they want to be proved by aud iences. For example, in 2003, a student William Hung who was studying in civil engineering at Berkeley participated in Ameri tail assembly Idol. Since he couldnt sing and dance, his performance was unmated and everyone was making fun of him. However, he was very confident and he thought he was doing his best.Indeed, when people are interested in something or just started doing something, they are more likely to feel confident because they dont know much a bout it. Furthermore, least skilled contestants dont name their actual competence. They mistake their confidence as real competence. When performing on stage, they think that even though they have not been trained before, their personalities or visual aspect can draw audiences attention. When constantans drive illusion of confidence, they are so confident that neglect the fact that they dont have abilities of performing.Except for contestants, audiences interpret illusion of confidence as well. Not acting confidently doesnt mean a person has no ability. Yet sometimes audiences automatically treat confidence as a mark of actual competence of contestants. For example, when ii contestants who have similar level of skills are performing on stage, audiences consider the one who looks more confident is better than the some other(a). In 2007, there was a Taiwanese singing talent show called One million Star. Jam Hsiao was one of those contestants and he was quiet when asked questi ons.He told everyone that he wasnt confident in communication with other people. When audiences looked at Jam, they automatically thought Jam was not good at singing because he didnt show his confidence in front of other people. Nevertheless, He became totally different while performing and his beautiful and powerful voice attracted everyone. Since audiences are prone to believing a person is not confident, which whitethorn give a contestant an unfair disadvantage, but later when proven wrong may give the contestant a bigger advantage referable to audiences having to compensate for the contrasting information.They be count more likely to support contestants they doubt at the very beginning. Different with those least killed contestants, skilled ones experience the illusion of knowledge. good deal believe that they know things at a deeper level than they really do. Skilled contestants, who may have been trained for long time, have a lot of experience in performing in front of aud iences. For instance, some of contestants who participate in The Voice of China went to musical universities before. As they said, they started learning musical instruments since they were kids and they have tended to(p) countless singing contests.They consider themselves as knowledgeable contestants for they have much experience. Compared to least skilled contestants, skilled contestants participate in talent shows because they think they know much about how to utilize knowledge they have learned than those who dont have many skills. Yet, knowing much about music doesnt mean those skilled contestants can definitely win contestants. The illusion of knowledge makes them not be able to properly determine their value because they are more likely to approve their merits and give notice shortcomings.Constantine Mouralis, who had a tony nomination before, participated in season four of American Idol. Constantine Mouralis started to improve his interest in music when he grew up. He sang in high school garage band and he appeared in Broadway roles. He was not only experienced, but also obtained a lot of awards before he competed on American Idol. He thought his ability was good enough compared to other contestants but he was eliminated at the sixth week. Although Mouralis was very skillful, other contestants who are better than Mouralis win eventually.In talent shows, judges project illusion of knowledge as well. Most judges are either famous singers or they are successful in the music industry. When they decide to choose the winner, they use their knowledge and experience to make decisions. They think the winner they choose will be successful after the show ends. Some contestants perform really well in talent shows and they fully show their talents to everyone and of course judges admit them too. later on that, some of them are not famous due to all kinds of reasons.Foe instance, record companies decide not to give winners opportunities to release albums or winne r contestants realize they want to do something else instead of being a singer. Judges make judgments because they think they know more about entertainment system than anyone else. The illusion of knowledge makes talent shows become unfair because judges are subjective when they make judgments. People are more interested in talent shows because some of them think that talent shows give them opportunities to be a professional singer. Apparently, these people are having illusion of cause.They infer causative relationships from coincidence. In entertainment system, parts of popular singers come from talent shows. They get a contract with record companies so that they can release albums after they win the talent show. Besides, since they are popular, they are invited to perform in many occasions. In fact, winning talent shows and becoming a famous singer are two different things so they have no causal relationships. However, people who want to participate in talent shows infer causal r elationships from those coincidences.They believe that if they attend talent shows, they might win the first prize and they have a high possibility to be a famous singer. However, not everyone who comes from talent shows becomes famous. For example, in 2007, the champion of singing talent show Super male child was really good at singing and he released his first album afterwards. Unfortunately, he wasnt popular and he never got the second chance to release other albums. Talent shows provide people opportunities to show their talents, but participating in talent shows and being famous have no causal relationships.Sometimes, the reason wherefore contestants win talent shows is not only because they are better than anyone else. For record companies who want to make money, they prefer pick up contestants who have good appearance than those who have talent in singing but dont have beautiful faces. Thus, some factors which people think will cause contestants to win are not truly existed . Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simonss explanations make me think illusions that happened in my life. People are beset by all kinds of illusions every day without noticing their existence.In talent shows, two skilled and least contestants have illusions since they are not able to determine their real abilities. People who win talent shows dont mean that these people will be famous forever. On the contrary, people who failed in talent shows can still be successful. Besides, the reason why top singers and movie stars are famous is not only because talent shows give them opportunities to perform, other factors such as hard working and good luck can also be important for them.We need to pay attention to different kinds of illusions because sometimes they affect our decision-making. If we like singing and want to make music, we dont have to participate in talent shows because there are other ways for us to chase our dreams. After all, we should evaluate our abilities appropriately. If we are just interested in something but we dont actually have talent in doing them, we should have find out something else we can do to fulfill our dreams.

Essay on Silence and its Importance

Essay on calm down and its ImportanceThe key aim of this look paper is to draw financial aid to the importance of tranquillity in general, for students in contributionicular. Thus, the introductory part of this research is devoted to the definition of silence and its important in our noisy domain of a function. The second ingredient focus on the key agencys of silence as located by the Irish author Tony Cuckson, the importance of silence for students, how could we improve our relationship with silence? And examples of when heap we map silence. Fin every last(predicate)y the third part consists of the analysis of the questionnaire data and summarizing the key ideas of the research.What does silence mean?Literally come up toing, the word silence comes from the Latin word silens sum to be still, tranquillize, or at rest. In side, it still maintains some of these meaning as most modern dictionaries define silence as the condition or quality of macrocosm or keeping still a nd silent, the absence of hales, stillness or as a period of era without speech or noise. still depending only on these definitions we near learn silences first fundamental sense. Hence the silence is more than the state of being silent entire absence of sound or absolute stillness. The silence, this research paper is concerned about, is the silence that enhances concentration, promotes meditation and allows us to be in touch with our inner. In former(a) words, the silence that has the advocator to condense wad to think and to act.The word silence has become associated in our reasons with passivity boring and inactivity. Moreover, we see silence as intrinsically dangerous, anti-social or abnormal. We solicitude and hate silence and we do everything possible to avoid it. In her book A Book of Silence , Sara Maitland stated*instant and constant verbal conference is experienced not so much as a pleasure, but as a necessity. Background music, even in shopping malls where there is already a great deal of noise, so that no matchless empennage actually hear the music, is ubiquitous. The length of an acceptable silent pause on the radio receiver has been reduced steadily over the last decade. Silence in public places, riposte c atomic number 18 libraries or churches, is increasingly considered oppressive rather than valuable. The silence of mourning is being replaced by cheering.In this statement, Sara Maitland has tried to draw our attention to our strange fear-hate relationship with silence. She gives us some habits that we unconsciously use to do in the everyday flavor to avoid silence.Sara Maitland has besides noticed that mass chasten to fill the void of silence with needless chatter, with TV, with Music, with noise of some kind. She noticed that Silence has become put off and make people feel uncomfortable and alone, thats why -according to Sara Maitland- the world is filled with TVs that have been left on when nobody is watching it, for just a oscilloscope noise. even people forget that the great forces, by which we live, atomic number 18 silent. The vast immensity of space is silent, because sound waves, unlike light or radio waves, provokenot plump through a vacuum. Gravity electricity, the warmth of sunlight, the wreaking of the tides are all silent. Organic growth, life it ego, the division of cells is silent. Society just forgets about these facts, Sara added.To sum up we could say that we hate or fear silence because we do not perceive its true meaning. Silence is not a mere absence of sounds or noises, it is more than that. Silence is a natural phenomenon that could be a source of inventive aught that we should all use and benefit from it rather than simply avoiding it.*Sara Maitland is an English writer. Born in 1950, she grew up in Galloway, studied at Oxford University and currently tutors on the Distance Learning MA in creative writing for Lancaster University and is the mentor Co-ordinator for Crossin g Borders. She has undertaken writer residencies at HMP Ashwell and at Lincoln CathedralThe importance of silence in a restless world (noise pollution)It is obviously clear that we are living in noisy word. Unwanted sounds and noises pursue us everywhere we go. In the street, restaurants, supermarkets and even in the places where silence is considered as a necessity like schools and hospitals are not exceptions. From the early morning we step out home till we come back, we encounter variety of terribly noises.Our lives nowadays tend to be so busy that we have become accustomed to a constant barrage of t asks, inputs, and general noise. How often do we come home only to unfreeze on the T.V. just so we brush off have something going on in the background? We used to not esteem the value of silence in our lives.Mike Moore* has described this phenomenon in his book Living Life Fully by sayingWhen you add lawnmowers, snow blowers, leaf blowers, jack hammers, jet engines, transferral tr ucks, and horns and buzzers of all types and descriptions, you have a wall of constant noise and irritation. Even when watching a television program at a reasonable lot level you are blown out of your chair when a commercial comes on at the decibel level of a jet.A recent muse conducted by the Cornell University** about the impact of noise on employees in an open area office space where people are constantly exposed to facsimile machines, telephones, office chatter, shredding machines, etc revealed that workers in an open area had high level of adrenalin*** in their urine. When these employees were compared to those in quiet offices the imparts were startling. Workers in quiet offices did not have the alike(p) high levels of adrenalin in their urine. Besides, they were much more relaxed and less stressed.Moreover, a puzzle demanding attention and concentration was given to both groups of employees. The results revealed that the open area workers were launch to be less diligent in the solution of the puzzle. They easily frustrated and gave up much earlier than the employees from the quiet offices.Another striking results found by the study are about sleeping, digestion and the psychological state of the employees under study. The study has revealed that workers from the quiet office slept better at night, had better digestion, were much less pestiferous at home and felt better at the end of their workday than employees from the open area offices.It seems clear from the results of such studies that noise does not only strike our focus and productivity but also impact our physical and psychological balance. Noise pollution tends to increase stress levels which in turn can result in increased frustration and anger.There is no doubt that the results of this study should push us to revise and re-establish our relationship with silence. In other words, we must embark on to establish a friendship with silence.*Mike Moore is an international speaker and writer on human potential, motivation and humour. You can check out his website at www.motivationalplus.com**It is an American university***Is released by the body when under stress. It prepares us for fight or flight.The key 4 exponents of silenceTill now, we have seen and known -from the introduction- the type of silence this research is concerned about and its true meaning. We have also recognized the importance of silence in a terribly noisy world showing some startling facts and striking recent studies. In this chapter, I have managed to devote it to the key four powers of silence as located by the Irish writer Tony Cuckson*. In fact, Tony has located seven powers but I have chosen the most important ones that everyone could experience regardless of his/ here possibilities or where s/he lives.In his valuable article Enjoy the Silence Tony has summarized the benefits of silence by saying that silence is creative, silence promotes the inner and builds trust, silence gives rest, and si lence allows listening. In this chapter I testament try to explain these powers of silence respectively.1 Silence is creativeIn his article, Tony has defined creativity as creating unprecedented and unexampled things into being. He evince that Creativity is not found within the known. Creativity means to bring the new into being.* Tony Cuckson is a writer on learning to be enough in the 21st Century. He is author of the ezine -an electronic magazine- Irish Blessings Subscribe to Irish Blessings Matter ezine a FREE weekly input of inspiration to lift the join and heal the soul.With this sense creativity is a required quality in all fields. We need creative employees, creative writers, creative teachers and more importantly creative students. Man is creative by nature however, we often destroy this quality by some unhealthy habits. For instance, doing a task, homework or writing an stop while listening to music or television, surely bequeath affect our concentration and consequ ently will affect the quality of the work that we try to accomplish.Yet creativity needs silence and quiet environment. A quiet environment allows the creative person to develop his talent and to think deeper. Inspiration always comes in silent environment. For instance, intellectuals, thinkers, poetry writers, inventors and creators in all fields always seek absolute silence and quiet environment so that they could work comfortably and get inspiration. Imagination also springs from silence. Silence and quiet are to an artist, an author or inventor etc, what fertilizer is to crops.In conclusion, it can be said that Silence and creativity are one Tony asserted. By relating silence to creativity, he has insisted on the idea that silence is the wellspring of creativity.2 Silence promotes the inner and builds trustWhen we silence we turn our thoughts and focus inwards and gain the power we need to refuel our approximations Steven Aitchison* has stated. Our ego** is temporarily switche d off or at least do to be quiet for a bit, and we start to see the real world as it should be (he continued). Our thoughts get in the way of our reality some generation and we dont see the beauty of the world approximately us. When there is silence there is time for introspection and to allow your true-self to speak, not the ego, not the conscious mind but the true-self connected to the flow of free energy around us (Steven added in his online Blog).Tony Cuckson agrees with Steven Aitchison by saying that through silence we could trust our selves. Silence enables us to listen to our inner voice and to detect our odd methods of thinking. It gives us a chance to understand our selves better. Consequently, we improve and re-establish our relationships with our selves. We simply used to think that others know better than we do. We have been taught this for most of our lives. Listening silently to the promptings of our wagon we begin got know our own voices. We become our own maste rs.To put it more simply, we could say that silence helps us to find our values, understand our strengths, identify our tendencies, acknowledge our limitations, located our goals and then establish our direction.* Steven Aitchison currently lives in Scotland working as an Addiction Worker, helping clients with alcohol and drug issues. He has a degree in psychology, a sense of humour, and a down to earth approach to self help.** The self of an individual person the conscious subject3 Silence gives restThe wishing of silence in our modern life results in lack of comfort. Anuradha Vashisht* has expressed this idea by sayingThe fidgetiness, the restlessness we see in the majority of people these days indicates how far removed they are from the silence of the bodyAnuradha wants to say that people nowadays cannot be still or calm in one place for a considerable period of time mainly because of the hyperactivity phenomenon. The problem of hyperactivity is increasing as most people const antly need a cherish for their bodies like shuffling feet, shaking a leg while sitting in a chair, swaying their bodies, inane scratching, constantly doing something with their hands, intercommunicate for tea or cocoa to get over boredom, and so on.Most of the physical activities that have been described above often reflect the clatter and the noise one has in his mind which would prevent him from enjoying his rest.To overcome this hyperactivity we should devote a considerable period of time for silence in order to give ourselves a deep rest. In silence the*Anuradha Vashisht, Delhi-based journalist, researcher, writer and media professional, has over 15 years experience in the media. Having trained as a journalist with the Times of India Group, some of her major assignments were with Financial Express, Indian Express and The Pioneer.body slows. The rate of breathing slows. Our heart rate drops. We just forget about the past and future to live the present moment. We enter our esse ntial self. There is no need to go anywhere. There is no place to go. This is our time for relaxation. This is our time for simply catching a breath and recharging our batteries.4 Silence allows listeningSilence gives us the opportunity to listen to others and more importantly to ourselves. When others speak or during a conversation, silence could be used as take of politeness and respect that would make the communication successful (we will tackle this idea in depth in the next chapter (Examples of When to Use Silence)).Yet the inner-silence also is very important. Since, it gives us a chance to listen to our inner voices. It helps us to turn our thoughts and focus inwards and live the present moment now not the past not the future. The inner-silence enables us to save our minds from the inane thoughts and eliminate all mental noises. Thus we make our minds calmer. Consequently, we can work and study more expeditiously and our productivity will increase. The mental silence shoul d be the prime goal in our daily life. If we can be mentally calm we can drub many problems of life and find ways to do difficult tasks.Finally, we could say that by listening to others we will gain respect and by listening to ourselves, we will not be afraid of the battles of life, because internally we will be very strong. By developing the virtue of inner silence, we should be broad like huckster (tolerate others thoughts) and deep like ocean (where all life problems will be sunk).The importance of silence for studentsBesides all the silences powers that we have mentioned earlier which all are so important for all people, students can get much more from silence.As we know, our education system encourages students to get ahead of their competition and to get clear marks so that they could conserve their chance to get a respectable job. Naturally when we are competing each other we can neer be at ease. We become bound to be stressed and this pressure will keep on increasing wit h every passing day.Silence and meditation are the arrant(a) tools to release this pressure and feel at ease with ourselves. In fact today every student- whether from engineering, management, business or arts- needs meditation more than ever. Connecting with ones deeper self leaves him refreshed and regenerated so that he can move forward in life without being exhausted or stressed.As any other part of our bodies our minds need rest too. We must just think what would happen to our bodies if we keep on working for example for 16 hours or more per day and never get a chance to take repose? Automatically we will be tired, exhausted and unable to master any kind of work. Same is the eluding with our minds, they need break likewise. Thence, we could say that silence and meditation are more essential to students in particular as all their tasks demands great mental efforts.It can be concluded from what we have seen till now that silence is not mere an absence of sounds or noises but als o a proficiency and a therapy that all people and students in particular are in-need of.After recognizing the key powers and benefits of silence, the question now is how could we reconcile and re-establish our relationship with it? This is what we will see in the next chapter.How could we improve our relationship with silence?Before starting this chapter we have to remember that people do not have an absolute control over all the noises they hear daily in the street or in places where they work, study etc however, they do have control over their own head-to-head environment. In this private environment we can reorganize ourselves, reconsider our habits and attitudes towards silence. In our private environment we could cultivate a good friendship with silence following several steps. In this chapter, I have selected from Mike Moores advices the most important, simplest and applicable ones that we could -as students living in Meknes- easily follow.Firstly, we should substitute the n egative image that we have in our minds about silence. In other words, we have to learn about and bother our knowledge about the value of silence. We can do that either through reading psychological books, asking the psychologists or searching in the internet about the benefits of silence. To put it more simply, we should prepare ourselves morally and mentally for practicing Mike Moore steps.After changing your attitudes towards silence, you should try to change some of your habits. For instance, when walking to school avoid using your MP3 player or any other such devices and try to walk in silence. When you read a book or prepare for an exam, do it in silence. If you used to read, write and prepare for exams while listening to music or watching television you should try silence. You will find it much helpful. When you are alone in your residence, try to turn off all noise sources for a specific period of time. mystify with fifteen minutes of silence a day and gradually increase t he duration.If you succeeded to change your habits and attitude towards silence then you should enlarge your experience with silence by learning how to meditate. Attempt to schedule a ten minute for meditation and contemplation period once or twice a day. Then extend your meditation time gradually.Mike Moore concluded by sayingSoon you will begin to cherish the periods of silence you have built into your day and grand for more. You will quickly discover that you are becoming more relaxed and less tense even in the midst of our noisy world. You will have made an invaluable new friend of silence, a friend which can comfort, heal and soothe your spirit. What a gift you will have given yourself.In conclusion, it can be said that if we followed Mike advices we would reconcile our relationship with silence and certainly would discover the restorative power of silence that students are in need of it.Examples of when to use silenceSilence is often mis-characterized as unimportant or awkwar d. As a result the modern conversations become chaos in which two or more people racing to see who can speak more without paying any attention to the other. Yet, people forget that silence can be used as a technique of communication, kind of respect and as an anti-gossiping.I- Silence as a technique of communicationAs a technique of communication silence could be used in daily conversation, during arguments and job references.To get a better conversation, one must use design pauses to give the other person a chance to think, get better understanding of the topic and then react effectively. Just as he needs in return a chance to absorb and process all that information the other person has just said.Another best time to use the power of silence is during an argument. For instance, when someone is shouting at you, looking for an argument you can literally take all the power away from him and save all your energy by simply looking back at them saying absolutely nothing. Yet it is extr emely difficult to do but very powerful.Students also can use silence to their advantage in job interviews. Students often do not consider silence as one of the most valuable interview techniques that can be used both by the job candidates and the interviewers. For many interviewees, the silence of the interviewer is seen awkward because it tends to imply that they have been found lacking and do not satisfy or fit the interviewers standards. However, good interviewers use silence when listening attentively to what the interviewee is saying so a job candidate should not be frightened if the interviewer does so. Also, a job candidate can use the same silence to demonstrate critical thinking skills and an ability to remain poised in difficult situations. Here are a few tips* to help you use silence in a job interview to your advantage.A Use brief pauses (no more than 15 seconds) when you need to collect your thoughts, recall the information the interviewer requestedB Introduce a sile nt pause when several questions are asked in rapid succession before you have had a chance to answer the first one. Repeat the first question and answer it then request the interviewer to ask subsequent questions.C Avoid any urge to fill the silence with unsolicited information about your background or experience. Many interviewees have mixed-up the job by impulsively blurting out details that led the interviewer to ask questions for which the interviewees were un wide-awake to answer.D Finally, do not forget to remain mentally nipping during the silence.*To get more information about how to use silence in a job interview follow this linkhttp//www.ehow.com/how_5093570_use-silence-advantage-job-interview.html2 Silence as kind of respectSilence could also be used to show respect in many occasions. It has long been recognized by many ghostly groups as a key component of an ascetic path to spirituality. For example, we as Muslims we silence when we hear someone reading the Quran. We also recommend silence in the funerals. Moreover, silence has become a universal practice used in all over the world. As we used to held one minute of silence as a remembrance of the people died in a natural disaster or an important person died recently.During conversations silence also may be used to express admiration and esteem. Just let people talk and listen to them and use your facial expressions and movements to acknowledge that you are listening. Thus, you will imply that you are respecting them and you will gain their respect in return. In contrast, when you do not listen to or interrupt people before they have finished, you are essentially indicating that the other persons thoughts are not that important. What could be considered as a kind of impoliteness and discourage him/her to continue talking.3 Silence as an anti-gossipingWhen there is a crowd of people in the workplace while the boss is absent or in classroom before the coming of teacher there are always gossiper s who speak about other people. What makes gossiping dangerous is that it is contagious. When we dont like someone and someone else starts speaking about him we naturally tend to voice our opinion, Ive done it lots of times and have to stop myself.Try and stop yourself from catching the virus of gossiping and use the power of silent whenever it occurs. If you are a gossiper yourself and people around start to notice that you are not your usual self, do not give an explanation just ignore them or say that silence is golden.Be still and know the restorative power of silence. (Ideas we should keep in mind)Besides, isnt it nice to say nothing when you have nothing to say?We need to rediscover the power of attention and we do that through silence the concentration that we use in prayer can be used in everyday life,THE QUESTIONNAIRE1-In few words, what comes to your mind when you hear the word silence?2-Silence is golden Agree? Silence is boring Agree?GoldenBoring3-Do you find sometimes that you are talking just to break the silence?Answer optionsNeverSometimesAlways4-Do you think that silence is important for your health balance?Absolutely notTo some completion yesOf course, yesCould you justify your answer?5-Have you ever thought to get regular periods or moments of silence?NeverI have6-Do you actually allocate regular periods from your time for silence?Absolutely no from time to time weekly dailyIf you do not answer by no, could you explain why or for what intention?7-Do you prefer silence while preparing for exams or soft music?I prefer silence Soft music It depends on the subject being prepared

Customer Satisfaction in the Singapore Hotel Industry

Customer Satisfaction in the Singapore Hotel IndustryIntroductionHotel is one of the about authoritative organizations in the field of touristry industriousness in providing service. Therefore, they play a full role in improving and expanding the tourism manufacturing and also in improving and developing economic circumstance.Today, customer propitiation is a specific requirement for the improvement of service organizations such as hotels, and ontogenesis profitability. Thereby maintaining the arranging of measurement and evaluation of customer satisfaction is one of the most important aspects of improving the smell, exactly the basic needs of the recent organization.On the other hand, by expanding the borders of the global village, the need for only standard regulations to assess the quality of certain products and work, is to measure the situation of the organizations in the international market competition, may be felt more than everStudy backgroundCustomer satisfactio n is a job philosophy, is a measure of how products and function offered by a company join forces or exceed customer expectations. It is considered an important indicator of performance in business and is part of four of the Balanced Scorecard. Customer satisfaction with a companys products or service is often seen as the key to a companys success and long term competitiveness (Klee, 1998).Identify and forecast customer demands and to be able to sustain them is important to master customer satisfaction. Due to the costs of attracting new customers costs more than retaining brisk customers, to be successful managers must(prenominal) focus on retaining existing customers, effective implementation of policies Customer satisfaction and loyalty. This is especially true in the hotel industry.Today, managers in the hotel industry is facing one of the most important challenge is to reserve and maintain customer satisfaction. Consequently, quality of service has become a factor impor tant in the overall tourism experience, and one which ultimately dictates the success of the tourism business (Kandampully, 2000). According to Lewis and Booms (1982), service quality is measure of how well the service delivered matches customer expectations.Positive births can make higher commitment of customers and increase their footstep of return. Long-term human relationships amid customers and hotel is becoming more important as the positive correlation between overall satisfaction levels of visitors and their ability to return to the same hotel. Hotels atomic number 18 increasing their investments to improve service quality and perceived value for customers to achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty better of them, thus achieving a better relationship with customers.Competition is increasing dramatically as variety of hotel industry hence, the hotel management has always tried hard to fork over the top hat service quality and the best satisfaction for customers in th e hotel industry including hotels in Singapore.Study areaThis report covers of the main belles-lettres on customer satisfaction and retention in the hotel industry in Singapore. The hypothesis of the report will research based on the issues of the customer satisfaction and how a hotel management exercising effective policies to providing services and goods with a high quality to satisfy the customers and go through a lot of effort in maintaining their customer satisfaction, develop and make profits in their business focusing on Singapore area. explore structureThe report focus mainly on Customer satisfaction emphasize on the area of hotel industry in Singapore. First chapter introduces background of the Customer satisfaction and briefly summarized importance of relevant issues.Second chapter identifies customer satisfaction in the hotel industry, purpose applying the best strategies to provide quality services to customer, reasons why need to maintain old customers and attract new customers. How to build customer loyalty, hotel attributes what services to customers and the legal regulations, strategic considerations will be explained.And fourth chapter concludes the best methods to proposing improvements in customer satisfaction management in the hotel industry.Research objectivesThe aims and objectives of this research areWhat is customer satisfaction and how to achieve it?Hotels need to learn effective strategies and create product attributes to customers to satisfy them.How the service quality related to customer satisfaction?Provide good service quality will accomplish customer satisfaction.Definition of customer loyalty and how to remain customer loyalty?To gain customer loyalty, hotel needs to have a good relationship with customers.What services quality is hotel need to provide to customer in order to get customer satisfaction, loyalty and repeat patronage?Cleanliness, location, security, room rates, service quality and account or chain of hotels.CH APTER 2 / LITERATURE REVIEW2.0 Introduction of main issuesIn todays competitive market, the company provides services throughout the world effort to achieve a better position than its competitors through the only advantage to cheer their customers satisfaction and therefore retain their loyalty.On the other hand, customers are always sounding for suppliers of goods and services of better quality and meet their expectations. But most vendors are now providing quality products with relatively equal, so customers always have multiple choicesTherefore, in the hotel industry, considering the quality of service and customer satisfaction is very important, so it is necessary to adopt appropriate measures and procedures for recognition and improvement many services as realizable to meet the hotel knobs and customers.Analyze Customer satisfaction in hotel industryCustomer satisfaction is an important topic for both researchers and managers, because of high levels of customer satisfaction leads to an increase in repeat patronage among current customers and aids customer recruitment by enhancing an organizations marker reputation. Being able to successfully judge customer satisfaction levels and to apply that knowledge are critical starting ranks to establishing and maintaining long term customer retention and long term competitiveness (Yuksel and Yuksel, 2002). Customer satisfaction brings many benefits, the satisfaction increases of customers retentions and customers retentions is dependent on the nature of the relationship between the parties which are also affected by the service delivered.Satisfaction is an overall customer spot towards a service provider, or an emotional reaction to the difference between what customers anticipate and what they receive (Zineldin, 2000), regarding the fulfilment of some need, goal or desire. For most products, services and aspects of performance can be made to reflect objectively measured. Some customers may be taken to a hous e fit their criteria, but not suitable to the taste of individual customers to assess customer service as uncomfortable as they do not see a list of their choice.Kano, Bentler and Li-tze (1984) real a model to categorize the attributes of a product or service based on how well they are able to satisfy customer needs. rumination of the Kano model, we can see how it might not be enough to just satisfy customers by meeting their needs and performance basis only. In a highly competitive marketplace, organizations need to adopt strategies and to create product attributes targeted specifically at exciting customers and over satisfying them (Tan Pawitra, 2001).In the real estate to please and satisfy customers, agents will need to have a comprehensive knowledge and extensive list of all the local area. In essence, it is the experience and attitudes of individuals closest pinch with customers that are likely to affect whether customers are satisfied and ready to go back to the company. It is also the people in direct contact with customers who mildew who the retain and satisfied customers are, and their experience determines how they treat the customers (Hansemark Albinsson, 2004) thus impacting on the service quality deliveredAdvantages of providing good Service quality to customersThe concept of service quality as a whole building is large and diverse. The theory has been elaborated on by many researchers. Berry, Parasuraman and Zeithaml (1985) write service quality as perceived by consumers stems from a comparison of what they feel service firms should offer with their perception of the performance of the firm providing the services. . Quality of service received is considered as the degree and direction of the difference between the perceptions of consumers. For example in real estate, this is what customers expect from the agent compare to which is actually distributed by that agent.In real estate, that interaction occurs from the moment the node and age nt plow either verbally or electronically. It is evident that research on goods quality is inadequate in the service field, which has three inherent characteristics intangibility, heterogeneity and inseparability between output and consumption (Berry, Parasuraman and Zeithmal, 1985).In this scenario, providing high quality services and improving customer satisfaction are widely recognized as fundamental factors boosting the performances of companies in the hotel and tourism industry (Barsky Labagh, 1992 Le Blanc, 1992, Le Blanc et al., 1996 Stevens et al., 1995, Opermann, 1998). Hotels with good service quality will ultimately improve their profitability (Oh Parks, 1997). In a competitive hospitality industry which offers homogeneous services, individual hoteliers must be able to satisfy costumers better than their counterparts (Choi Chou, 2001).Strategies to maintain customer LoyaltyThere are three ways to determine customer loyalty that are Behavioural measurements, attitudin al measurement, and Composite measurementsThe measurements considered appropriate behaviour buying behaviour is repeated as an indicator of loyalty. One problem with the procession to repeat leveraging behaviour is not always the result of a psychological commitment to the brand. For example, a traveller can stay at the hotel because it is most convenient place. When a new hotel opens on the street, they switch because the new hotel offers better value. Therefore, repeat purchase does not always mean that commitment.Attitude measurement use attitudinal data to reflect the attitudes and psychological feelings associated inherent in loyalty. The attitudinal measurements are concerned with the sense of participation, loyalty and faithfulness. There are instances when a customer holding a favourable attitude for a hotel, but he or she does not stay at the hotel. One can appreciate a hotel, recommend the hotel to others, but feel the hotel for him too expensive to use on a regular basi s. The above approaches measure loyalty uni dimensionally.Composite measurements of loyalty combine the first both dimensions and measure loyalty by customers product preferences, propensity of brand switching, frequency of purchase, regency of purchase and total amount of purchase.The use of both attitude and behaviour in a loyalty definition substantially increases the predictive power of loyalty (Pritchard and Howard, 1997). Two-dimensional composite method has been applied and supported as a expensive tool for understanding customer loyalty in many fields, such as retail, entertainment, luxury hotels and airlines.For this study, customer loyalty is customer attitude favourable to the company, pull to purchase products or services, and introduce products to them.According to a survey carried out by Barsky Nash in 2006, regarding the main hotel chains worldwide, between 2002 and 2005, the importance of loyalty programs for guests purpose on where to stay increased from 32% t o 34%.Although the search for new locations is certainly the most important factor for many tourists, several studies highlighted that there is a good portion of customers that chose to repeat their holidays destination, showing a certain degree of loyalty (Oppermann, 1998 Fyall et al., 2003).According to the study of loyalty found that, there are five major factors affecting the repetition of trip to the same tourist place. They do not involve to make wrong choice when choosing the other tourist destinations. They want to meet those familiar. The emotional affection to a specific place. The possibility to explore the place better, and want to recommend the place to others.Customer satisfaction is the starting point to build customer loyalty, so a long term relationship. This creates a loyaltys stock in enterprises to improve corporate image. Strengthening relationships with customers leads to repeat patronage. On the other hand, an unsatisfied customer may represent a danger to t he enterprise. A research, conducted by Cherubini (1997), shows that only 4% of unsatisfied customers complains to the business explaining the reason of their unsatisfaction, and each client who doesnt officially complain generates a negative WOM which can involve also 1000 people.Important role of Hotel attributesResearch into hotel selection criteria has focused on the relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality of services and facilities. Because of the intangibility, inseparability, variability, and perishables of service, consumers perception of satisfaction criteria may include contextual cues that they use to evaluate the service quality and to make decisions about future patronage, whether or not they experienced the hotels products and services before (Bitner, 1990 Parasuraman et al., 1985). Alpert (1971 and Kivela (1996) viewed consumer product and services as a bundle of attributes, or features, and benefits, and stated that those attributes that direc tly influence consumer choice are termed determinant attributes. These attributes, which may be different from competitors services, may be important factors in determinant consumers intention to purchase in the future.Wuest et al. (1996) defined perceptions of hotel attributes as the degree to which travellers find various services and facilities important in promoting their satisfaction with hotel stays.To get loyalty and value than other competitors, suppliers must be able to achieve a high level of customer satisfaction for services provided. There have been many studies on the needs and characteristics of tourists. Reviews of literature that most travellers would consider following hotel attributes when giving the hotel choice decision cleanliness, location, security, room rates, service quality and reputation or chain of hotels. Atkinson (1988_ found that cleanliness of accommodation, followed by precaution and security, accommodation value for money, and courtesy and helpful ness of staff were the top attributes for travellers in hotel choice selection.Hoteliers need to fully acknowledge which service attributes are most likely to influence customers choice intentions (Richard Sundaram, 1993). Customer satisfaction practices can help them to identify the crucial favorable word of mouth (WOM) publicity (Berkman Gilson, 1986 Choi Chu, 2001 Fornell, 1992 Halstead Page, 1992 Knutson, 1988 Pizam, 1994). A satisfied guest promotes positive WOM at no cost for the enterprise and with effect and credibility that are superior to those of conventional advertising (Lee et al., 2006, Tarn, 2005, Villanueva et al., 2008). WOM effect is also amplified by the orbit Wide Web (Dominici, 2009 Trusov et al. 2009).CHAPTER 3 / CONCLUSION3.0 ConclusionsHence, both exploring the importance for customers of single attributes in hotel selection and to systematically survey their level of satisfaction are indispensable. Research on the topic of guests leads to negative evalua tions of the hotel, thus restricting the chance of repeat patronage guest satisfaction, which translates into the consideration of whether or not customers will return to a hotel or advice it to other tourists, is pivotal to the success of the hospitality business. Neglecting to pay attention to those hotel attributes considered most important by.CHAPTER 4 / REFERENCES

OSI MODEL Essay -- essays research papers

Michael Rauseo IT310 OSI ModelIn the early years of computer and network research and development m any(prenominal) systems were designed by a number of companies. Although severally system had its rights and were sold across the world, it became apparent as network usage grew, that it was difficult, to enable all of these systems to communicate with each other.In the early 1980s, the International disposal for Standardization (ISO) recognized the need for a network model that would help companies create common network implementations. The OSI reference model, released in 1984, addresses this need. The OSI reference model became the firsthand architectural model for confabulations. Although other architectural models have been created, most network v deathors relate their network products to the OSI reference model.The OSI model describes the processes necessary for effective communication in terms of a seven formed model. The seven works are Physical LayerThe physical social class defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between end systems. Such characteristics as voltage levels, timing of voltage changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, and physical connectors, are defined by physical layer specifications.Data Link LayerThe data-link layer provides error-free transfer of data frames from one computer to another over the physical layer. The layers above this layer can fall virtually error-free transmission over the network. The data-link layer provides the following functions. - Establishing and terminating a logical link between two computers identified by their unique network port card. - Controlling frame flow by instructing the transmitting computer not to transmit frame buffers - Sequentially transmitting and receiving frames - Providing and expecting frame-acknowledgment, and detecting and recovering from errors that occur i n the physical layer by ret... ...cation layer of one system will be readable by the application layer of another system. If necessary, the presentation layer translates between multiple data representation formats by using a common data representation format. The presentation layer concerns itself not only with the format and representation of actual user data, but also with data structures used by programs. In addition to actual data format transformation, the presentation layer negotiates data transfer syntax for the application layer.Application LayerThe application layer is the OSI layer closest to the user. It differs from the other layers because it does not provide services to any other OSI layer, but rather to application processes lying outside the scope of the OSI model. Examples include spreadsheet programs, word-processing programs, banking terminal programs, etc. The application layer identifies and establishes the availability of intended communication partners, syn chronizes cooperating applications, and establishes agreement on procedures for error recovery and control of data integrity. Also, the application layer determines whether sufficient resources for the intended communication exist.

Oliver Twist Essay -- English Literature

Oliver TwistCharles DickensCharles Dickens was a famous novelist who was born on February 7th,1812, Portsmouth England. His novel Oliver Twist was broadlysuccessful and was seen as a own against the poor law of 1834. Thenovel revolves around a boy called Oliver Twist the p hand is about howOliver goes from the work house to being an aristocrat. The novelexposes a lot of Victorian attitudes which Dickens experienced as hewas in poverty himself.In Oliver Twist, Charles Dickens shows us many of the socialinjustices of those historic times. He was scandalise by the way thepoor and the young people in particular were treated.He thought that this description would move the government to bringabout a change in the laws to ease the sufferings of the poor.Nancy is first introduced to us through Olivers eyes in chapter 9. Weare told a description of a prostitute and not of the usual poshVictorian lady when dickens describes her as, they wore a good dealof hair, not very neatly turned up beh ind, and were rather ungroomedabout the shoes and stockings. They were not exactly pretty. To readthis, it wouldnt really promote a nice image of Nancy in addition tothis you would end up thinking that she wasnt a clean or muchrespected women. The image of Nancy is further strengthened whenDickens goes further into the description, but they had a great dealof color in their faces, and looked quite stout and hearty. Beingremarkably free and agreeable in their manners this tells us thatthey almost trying to conduct them and completes their depiction of Nancybeing a prostitute, by this time the reader would be fully convincedabout her occupation. Nancys description is still better inco... ...Victorian people used to double standards and how sheis thankful for him not being like one of them.Nancys love for Sikes reflects the moral ambiguity of her character.As she herself points out to Rose, reverence to a man can be acomfort and a pride under the right circumstances. But for Nancy, such devotion is a spic-and-span means of violence and suffering-indeed, herrelationship with Sikes leads her to criminal acts for his sake andeventually to her relationship with Sikes leads her to criminal actsfor his sake and eventually to her own demise.CONCLUSIONIn my tactile sensation Nancy is the most important character in Oliver Twistbecause she laid down her life for Oliver. She did not wanted Oliverto live the same life that she had lived. She paid the last priceby giving away her life to Oliver and that to by the hands of her ownlover Sikes.

Standardized tests in Illinois Essay example -- Standardized Testing Es

Standardized tests atomic number 18 administered to allow reliable and valid comparisons to be made among pupils taking the test. 2 major types of standardized tests be currently in use norm-referenced and criterion-referenced. A norm-referenced test is a test that has been wedded to representative samples of bookmans such that norms of performance be established. Each student taking the test receives a score that groundwork be compared to the norm or normal or sample of students. The scores are then reported in percentiles. The main purpose of these tests is to rank students along a distribution of performance. Because of this tests are likely to have items that are very backbreaking for the grade level so students can be ranked. A criterion-referenced test looks like a norm-referenced test but multiple choice items are utilise and directions are standardized. The reason these tests are administered is based upon the content that all students are expected to learn. Scores are based on the amount learned by the student and a passing score is then given. These scores are not compared to other students. Standardized tests are used to show how a student is doing. They can show if a program is working well and can show if the educators are using effective teaching methods. Schools are graded to settle if there overall program is helping the student to achieve their goals. In the next paragraphs I am going to explain to you about the purpose of the American College Testing Program (ACT) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT).Learned helplessness is a phenomenon containing three components contingency, cognition, and behavior. Contingency addresses the uncontrollability of the situation. Cognition refers to the attributions that people make regarding their situation or surroundings of which they are a part. Behavior allows individuals to decide whether they will give up or proceed with the obstacle set before them (Peterson, Maier, & Seligman, 1993 Firmin, Hwang, Copella, & Clark, 2004). When a student thinks about college he must take either the ACT or the SAT test to be admitted into the college. Students have a lot of decisions to make that can be stressful. Failure is an aspect that students fear and can determine whether they will succeed in life.The ACT was founded in 1959. A l... ...t you are allowed to guess on the ACT and on the SAT if you are unsure you want to leave it blank because getting it wrong will give you a lower score. If you are graduating high school in 2006 and beyond there will be a new SAT test. The test will contain three portions Math, comminuted Reading, and Writing. The math section will have 44 multiple-choice questions and 10 in-grid questions. You will be allowed 70 minutes to complete this section. The critical reading section will have 67 multiple-choice questions and you will be given 70 minutes to complete. The writing section has 49 multiple-choice questions and you are given 60 minutes. You ar e graded on Grammar, usage, and word choice.The need, as we view it, is to develop a number of different alternative evaluation instruments and strategies that provide heavy data but are not in the form of the standard paper-and pencil multiple-choice tests now being used in most examen programs. What we advocate are assessment instruments that support proven methods in the visual arts and also take advantage of all the newer imaging technology (Medeja, Dom, & Sabol, 2004).

Occupational Stress and Health Essay example -- Business Management St

Occupational Stress and wellnessIntroductionIn recent years, occupational stress and health have gained goodish importance to people in all forms life. Keeping in mind,the excessive transaction load, amount of time spent at work and the recentchanges that be affecting the nature of work, it is not surprisingthat work stress today is increasing (Szymanski, 1999). Stress can becaused due to a number of reasons and in many ways and those thingsare known as stressors which may vary from person to person. Accordingto the United States National Institute of Occupational Safety andHealth (1999), job stress can be defined as the harmful physical andemotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do notmatch the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. It can alsolead to poor health and even injury.http//www.ilo.org/public/ side of meat/protection/safework/stress/whatis.htmPeople should be made more(prenominal) aware about the symptoms of stress and tryto precaution ary measures before it affect their lives. Stress at workcan affect people both mentally and physically. Excessively highlevels of stress need to be controlled in order to avoid these healthrelated problems. A number of things can be through by employees andemployers to prevent workplace stress. Also, there are a number ofstress management techniques that can be used by people to plug thatthey lead a stress free life. Job related stressors should beidentified and dealt with so that an organisation and its employeescan operate efficiently and effectively.Identifying stressors at workThe list of potential stressors is limitless. There may be times whenthese are actually of use to us, creating simply a pressure s... ...herwise, when unplanned things happen, itllcause you fair(a) as much stress as trying to work without a plan.References & BibliographyInternational labour organisation safe work programhttp//www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/stress/whatis.htmKendall, E., Murphee, P., ONeill, V. & Bursnall, S. (2000). A reportto the workers compensation and rehabilitation commission (WesternAustralia).Occupational Stress Factors that contribute to itsoccurrence and effective management. Centre for Human run (GriffithUniversity).http//www.workcover.wa.gov.auNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/stresswk.htmlSzymanski, E. M. (1999). Disability, job stress, the changing natureof careers, and the career resilience portfolio. Rehabilitation Counselling Bulletin. 42, pp 279-284.