Anthropology Multiple Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anthropology twofold oppugns - Essay ExampleA good example of a cultural universal is art. In music, nonp areil is more likely to listen to classical music and dance ballet if they are exposed to it. another(prenominal) person may favor hip hop and rap music beca subroutine they have been exposed to it. In the argument of nature versus nurture, the environment in which one grows up contributes more to how an individual turns erupt, as remote to biology. This is because the environment exposes one to certain things that he or she will adopt (Nowak & Laird, 2010). Question 2 ethnography and Ethnology An ethnographic survey is a detailed study of a groups culture. This involves the anthropologist going out into the field, living with the subjects and recording the observations made about the group. Ethnology is the cross-comparative study of different societies to identify and explain similarities and differences. It uses data from ethnographic surveys and compares it with same da ta from different societies (Nowak & Laird, 2010). When conducting a study of a different culture, the method I would use would be participant observation. Becoming immersed in the culture to be studied would reduce ethnocentric tendencies from my get enculturation. It would also aid in faster integration and acceptance by the subjects, and they would be more clear-cut to sharing information. Methods of gathering data include open-ended questionnaires, interviews, tape and video recordings and field notes. Problems that may bob up include refusal to participate, observer bias and language barriers. These problems can be countered by immersing oneself fully to gain the participants presumption and get them used to outsider presence, making use of an interpreter and eventually learning some of the language. Question 3 Role of women in Foraging and Horticultural based societies Women in foraging societies were responsible for hive away wild plants while the men hunted (Nowak & Lair d, 2010). Women produced up to eighty percent of the groups nutritionary needs. Foragers were fairly egalitarian as both sexes participated equally in food procurement. Women took part in conclusion making alongside men. Horticulturalists practiced small-scale farming on plots of land. Women did most of the cultivation and they held positions and military positiones in horticultural societies, being the main food producers. As the role of women in food production diminishes, so does their post and status. The egalitarian nature of foraging and horticultural societies was because women were important in food production. This was not replicated in farming(prenominal) and industrialized societies where men controlled more resources. Though American women on average earn less than men, their status is higher than in the past and they can now make decisions. The American woman can be considered at par with the woman in foraging and horticultural societies. Question 4 Reciprocity in Foraging and Horticultural societies Reciprocity is a type of economic exchange where goods or services are given in expectation that the receiver will return the favor. Reciprocation may be generalized, where the conferrer trusts that the receiver will reciprocate in kind. The amount and date of reciprocation is not specified it is an administration based on trust and cooperation. Foraging societies, for example, practice generalized reciprocation where a hunter shares his slip up with the whole village (Mauss, 2000). The gatherers also divide out the catch amongst themselves so that every family gets something. Balanced reciprocity is practiced with the